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Sadarshi, Shivajee
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Stanford University. Libraries. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
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- Title:
- Oral history with Abdul Mateen, 2016 April 7.
- Author:
- Mateen, Abdul, 1922-, Torwali, Zubair, and Sadarshi, Shivajee
- Author (no Collectors):
- Mateen, Abdul, 1922-, Torwali, Zubair, Torwali, Zubair, and Sadarshi, Shivajee
- Description:
- Abdul Mateen is of 95 years old. Born in 1922 Abdul Mateen spent most of his life in Habib Abad (Laambat) near Bahrain in the Swat valley in Pakistan. His clan is one of the four main tribes of the Torwali sub tribe called Nared. His clan name is Chamot. He has an extended family. He had three wives from whom he got a large family. In his childhood he used to rear cattle such as cows, buffalos and goats. He used to spend his summer in the summer pasture with his cattle and family. He remembers the days when Swat was ruled by Badshah-e-Swat and later by his son Wali-e-Swat named Miangul Jahanzeb. Abdul Mateen also served in the Wali’s army in Swat. When Pakistan and India were divided in 1947 there happened a famine—which was mainly due to the confusion created in Swat whether it had to join Pakistan or not. The then traders of food exploited the opportunity and made a famine so that their stock might sell expensive. The famine was, however, short lived. People of upper Swat had to walk miles to the plains of Swat in order to bring food items. When Abdul Mateem was a child there were no roads in Swat. Tracks in lower Swat existed on which Tonga—horse driven chariots—were used for travel. The affluent in upper Swat—Bahrain and Kalam—also used horses for travel. He mentions that Jinnah and Gandhi fought a case with the British government to free India (and Pakistan) from them. He did not see Jinnah but remembers his stories from the newspapers available then. He saw Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan aka Bacha Khan when he came to Bahrain Swat. He fled the torture of the then Pakistani government and took an asylum in Swat as the Swat State was autonomous enough to resist any pressure from the then Pakistani government. As for the origin of his people—Torwali—Mateen is of the view that they are Quriesh of the Arabs. Their ancestors fled the advent of Islam and came to this area. Here they were converted by a Pushtun mullah named Mian Qasim who is known among the Torwali people as Mian Qasim Bawa. Abdul Mateen also served in the army of the Swat State for 17 years. They were sent to Kashmir to fight the Indian army during the war of 1965. Mateen says he spent 40 days in Kashmir but did not experience any killing or casualties. 3500 soldiers were sent to Kashmir from Swat state and same number was also sent from the Dir state. When he was a child there used to be heavy snowfall in Bahrain and in his home village. It used to be six or seven feet one time. Now there is hardly half a foot snow in this area during winter. When he was a child main food was barley and maize. People used to stock these for winter. Bread was made of either barley or maize. Justice by Wali of Swat was fast and speedy. Government was strict. No woman or cattle was allowed to go out of Swat. After marriage Mateen says he went to Hyderabad and Karachi for earning a livelihood. There he could not make any progress and wasted ten years. He then came back and started his won shop in Bahrain which he had previously abandoned. In his youth Mateen used to run a shop where he used to collect ghee and grains; and sell these items later on. -- Note: Qureish were the tribe the prophet of Islam, Muhammad (PBUH) belonged to. It was in Saudi Arabia about 1500 years ago. Mian Qasim was the grandson of Pir Baba. Mian Qasim came to Torwal—the areas of the Torwali people—about 400 years ago. The Torwali people do not know their history exactly. They relate themselves with Arabs or Pushtuns but researchers say that the Torwali people were among the ancient tribes of Swat even before the Buddhist period here. The researchers trace the origin of the Torwali people back 5,000 years.
- Topic:
- Filmed interviews, History, and History
- Language:
- Indic (Other)
- Physical Description:
- 2 video files
- Publication Info:
- Swāt District (Pakistan)
- Imprint:
- Swāt District (Pakistan), April 7, 2017
- Genre:
- Filmed interviews
- Identifier:
- partitionArchive_3031
- Title:
- Oral history with Muhammad Saleem, 2016 December 9.
- Author:
- Saleem, Muhammad, Abtahi, Arham, and Sadarshi, Shivajee
- Author (no Collectors):
- Saleem, Muhammad, Abtahi, Arham, Abtahi, Arham, and Sadarshi, Shivajee
- Description:
- Muhammad Saleem was born in Gurdaspur. His father, Sufi Abdul Aziz had a business of construction materials in the city but they lived in a village of Gurdaspur. They were well off in India. His mother’s name was Rehmat Bibi. Mr. Saleem believes that he was 8 to 9 years old when Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place and he was a witness to it. He was in Jallianwala Bagh with his father when the shooting started. Mr. Saleem and his father hid inside stairs near which they were sitting. They stayed there all night. Next day, his elder brother who was in army came to get them. In Gurdaspur, Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs lived together but there used to be a lot of conflicts on festivals like Holi. Mr. Saleem also discussed different Hindu festivals and killings of people. His area was called Abdullah Pur as it was a Muslim majority area. Now the name has been changed and Sikhs live in that area as he discovered on his tour to India after Partition. He visited India twice and stayed with the Sikh family in Koocha Pundit, Delhi which had saved their lives during Partition. This Sikh family was a friend of his grandfather and so they helped them reach River Beas safely. They called the father of that family Bapu which was used for all the elders in India. On his way to Pakistan, Mr. Saleem has seen a lot of bloodshed and looting which is a painful memory. He is still homeless in Pakistan and adores the freedom that Pakistan has for Muslims.
- Topic:
- Filmed interviews, History, and History
- Language:
- Urdu and Panjabi
- Physical Description:
- 2 video files
- Publication Info:
- Lahore (Pakistan)
- Imprint:
- Lahore (Pakistan), December 9, 2016
- Genre:
- Filmed interviews
- Identifier:
- partitionArchive_2844
- Title:
- Oral history with Muhammad Yousuf, 2016 May 12.
- Author:
- Yousuf, Muhammad, 1941-, Shaheen, Taha, and Sadarshi, Shivajee
- Author (no Collectors):
- Yousuf, Muhammad, 1941-, Shaheen, Taha, Shaheen, Taha, Shaheen, Taha, and Sadarshi, Shivajee
- Description:
- Muhammad Yousuf was born to Mian Imamdeen and Noor Bibi in 1941 in Kotkapura, Faridkot. Mian Imamdeen was a farmer. He owned land. At the time, Muhammad Yousuf had only one younger brother. He used to go to a madrassa for religious studies. They learned the basic prayers and how to offer the Salah. After that he and his friends would run after wheels that had been taken out of cycles. To make the wheels go faster they would be hit with sticks. The city was a Muslim majority city. Friday prayers were held in the mosque and Eid prayers would be held in the Eid-gah. His memories of the Partition start with hearing of violence. When this started people from the surrounding villages came to the city seeking safety. The population of Kotkapura suddenly grew. He recalls that at this time police were doing regular raids in the neighbourhood and confiscating anything that could be considered a weapon. He shares that the Raja of Faridkot wanted his people to make it to Pakistan safely. Some from the Sikh community forced him to choose one city between Faridkot or Kotkapura to save. He chose Faridkot. Faridkot was emptied and its people reached Pakistan without any problem. The kafla that left Kotkapura was 20 miles or so in length. They encountered no attackers on the first day. On the second day, Muhammad Yousuf remembers seeing people hiding in the fields. He asked his father why they were there and his father told him that they were harmless onlookers. An hour or two later there was an explosion and a lot of people died. The people hiding in the fields also attacked the kafla. The kafla was divided in two with Muhammad Yousuf and his family in the front half. They escaped. A girl that his mother knew came running to them. She told them that the attackers had killed everyone (her family). Muhammad Yousuf remembers looking back and seeing the attacking mob cutting down people. The kafla rested that night next to a large body of water. There was blood in it, shares Muhammad Yousuf. They were attacked that night as well. The kafla was there for three days and it rained all the time. Those that drank that water got sick with cholera. The third day military from Pakistan came. They announced that the original plan of crossing over from Head Sulaiman was no longer possible and they would be crossing from Head Ganda Singh. This meant going back from the way they had come. The sick and elderly were loaded into trucks and brought to Kasur. The rest walked to Kotkapura. They stayed one night there. He shares that they had left behind a buffalo with their neighbors in Kotkapura. Muhammad Yousuf’s father went to pay them a visit. The buffalo had not given milk since they had left. Imamdeen milked her and gave it to the neighbors. The next day the left the village. At the Indian side of Ganda Sigh, they stayed the night. They were fed cooked wheat by the locals. It was poisoned and a lot of people died. He also speaks of corpses piled as high as houses on the side of the road. Muhammad Yousuf shares every time he goes to a funeral, he sees the mountains of the dead and thinks of how lucky the deceased is. He has a hundred or so people praying for him and is buried respectably. No one had held any funeral services for the dead he had seen, no one had buried them. They had been tossed into piles. They crossed over to Pakistan at Head Ganda Singh. Rain and cholera killed more people there. The four of them lived in a tent. A few days later a train came. It took everyone directly to Lala Musa. They came then to Gujrat. The government announced that there was no space in the city. New arrivals would be accommodated in the villages and given houses and land. Muhammad Yousuf and his family walked to Jalalpur Jatta. From there they rode donkeys to Tandamota near Kashmir. Whichever house you liked you would point to it and the officials would break the locks for you. The family lived for a month or so in Tandamota. Then a war broke out in Kashmir. Dying and mutilated people escaping the carnage started pouring into Tandamota. Muhammad Yousuf shares that he and others were afraid of what might come next. They had barely escaped from India and now they would be caught up in a new conflict. The police wouldn’t let them leave because if everyone left, the city would be become abandoned. The family left it secretly at night. They had no baggage. They first came to Jalalpur and then to Gujrat. From there they took a train to Lahore. From there they came to Dunga Bunga. He joined school and did his matriculation from here. They were allotted part of their land in 1958. The rest of the land Muhammad Yousuf had to go to great lengths to get. He had to deal with red tape and bribery for years. He received the land in late 1960s. He shares that his father, till his dying breath, believed that they would return one day to Kotkapura. He never tried to claim the land they had left behind. He married in 1958 or 1959 to his cousin. He has eight sons and two daughters. He has never been to India. He believes that there is no point in going back. He believes that it is good that they came to Pakistan where they are free to follow Islam.
- Topic:
- Filmed interviews, History, and History
- Language:
- Urdu and Panjabi
- Physical Description:
- 15 video files
- Publication Info:
- Bahawalnagar District (Pakistan)
- Imprint:
- Bahawalnagar District (Pakistan), May 12, 2016
- Genre:
- Filmed interviews
- Identifier:
- partitionArchive_3262
